In a consumer-oriented society, such as ours, the default orientation for many church attenders, and even members, is to see the local church as a dispenser of religious goods and services. Without serious, sustained effort to have a more biblical approach people will naturally gravitate toward a view of the church that is influenced by a consumerist imagination. We could use four metaphors to help us understand these different conceptions of the church.

The Church as Cruise Liner

Some Christians see church as a cruise liner, offering Christian luxuries for the whole family, such as sports, entertainment, childcare services, and business networking. They show up at church asking only, “Can this church improve my religious quality of life? Does it have good family ministry facilities? Does the pastor preach funny, time-conscious messages that meet my felt needs? Do I like the music?”

The Church as Battleship

Other Christians believe their church is more like a battleship. The church is made for mission, and its success should be seen in how loudly and dramatically it fights the mission. This is certainly better than the “cruise liner”; however, it implies that it is the church institution that does most of the fighting. The role of the church members it to pay the pastors to find the targets and fire the guns each week as they gather to watch. They see the programs, services, and ministries of the church as the primary instruments of mission.

The Church as Aircraft Carrier

A third metaphor for the church is an aircraft carrier. Like battleships, aircraft carriers engage in battle, but not in the same way. Aircraft carriers equip planes to carry the battle elsewhere. . . . Churches that want to “prevail against the gates of hell” must learn to see themselves like aircraft carriers, not like battleships and certainly not like cruise liners. Members need to learn to share the gospel, without the help of the pastor, in the community, and start ministries and Bible studies—even churches—in places without them. Churches must become discipleship factories, “sending” agencies that equip their members to take the battle to the enemy.

The Church as Restaurant

But there’s one more metaphor I’d like to add to this list. It differs somewhat with the cruise liner mentality because the focus isn’t on the reason why you’d choose to belong to a particular church over another one, but on the reason why you might attend a variety of churches without ever committing to any of them. It’s when you see the church as a restaurant.

“My church” isn’t determined by where I have my membership or where I most belong. My church just happens to be my favorite of many different experiences, much like going out to eat. Our family has a favorite restaurant that is our “default” whenever we’re going to eat out. But we have lots of other restaurants that we enjoy from time to time. Sometimes we’re in the mood for steak. Other times, for chicken, American cuisine, or a Mexican restaurant, or a local dive. Church is like that, too. “Our church” is the one we attend most often, but it’s not the only one we like.

What happens here is that church members migrate from one congregation to another, enjoying for a season the preaching and music here, sometimes coming back to their go-to congregation when they’re in the mood for something more familiar, or heading over to a third church for a mission trip. The result is sporadic attendance at any particular congregation.

When pastors notice that their church members have been absent for a while and they check up on them, they’re puzzled to discover that there isn’t a particular reason why these members have been more absent than present. The attenders are not mad, and they’ve not had a bad experience; they just see church attendance much as someone might see the choice between Firehouse Subs or Red Robin. It’s whatever they’re in the mood for that Sunday, or during that season of life.

This mentality is more common in areas of the Bible Belt than in other parts of the country. It’s largely contained to areas where there are many churches of various sizes and styles, yet still with an evangelical ethos. The mindset is not as common in places where there are only one or two similar churches.

The problem with viewing the church as a restaurant is that it amplifies the cruise liner mentality in that the service is all directed one-way. The attender pays with time or money and expects a religious service. This is consumerist, not missional. But the bigger challenge is that the person isn’t even committed to the cruise. In the case of the restaurant, there’s not enough commitment to even keep people attending week after week, making it hard for the consumerist mindset to be challenged at all.

Thirteen Marks of Genuine Revival

Scott Christensen, a pastor and notable Bible scholar, has shared the following history about revivals:

From my study of past revivals in church history, here are 13 marks of genuine revival:

1. Revival is an extraordinary move of the Spirit upon significant numbers of people who are dead in their sins (unbelievers) or apathetic in their walk as believers and marked by worldliness. The extraordinary move of the Spirit results in extraordinary spiritual transformation.

2. Revival cannot be induced by human means. It results from a special outpouring of sovereign grace upon those whom God chooses. However, it is often preceded by persistent seasons of prayer and always includes the faithful proclamation of the gospel attended by unusual boldness and power.

3. Revival usually starts in churches or other places where Christians are normally gathered, but then often spreads to the unbelieving populace as they are attracted to the unusual things taking place in those venues.

4. The bold preaching of the gospel leads to deep conviction of sin. Sins that were thought to be no big deal, suddenly appear very wicked. It is not uncommon to see people under such conviction to be visibly shaken and brought to humble tears.

5. Those under conviction of sin often experience a sense of God’s wrath in such as a way as they wonder why he has not already consigned them to the fires of hell.

6. This leads to broken-hearted contrition and humble pleading before God in open confessions of sin and repentance.

7. Subsequently, Christ and his work on the cross become extraordinarily precious as one experiences the sense of God’s forgiveness and pardon. Often tears of terror turn to tears of unspeakable joy.

8. Suddenly, the worship of God and prayer are no longer dead duties but pure delight.

9. There is a deep hunger for the word of God as though one would starve without consuming it constantly. The word comes alive in ways it never did before. Again, there is no drudgery in reading, rather there is eagerness to devour it with pure delight.

10. There is an extraordinary sense of God’s presence that brings wonder and excitement, a sort of foretaste of eternal glory that no one wants to end.

11. The concern for the lost becomes acute. Those who experience the fires of revival are not indifferent to the lost. They see the true and desperate condition of lost souls and desire their conversion.

12. Those who experience the fires of revival, especially in churches or other gatherings of believers, experience a deep renewal of love for one another that flows from the sense of God’s love. Broken relationships are repaired. Confession and forgiveness are freely exchanged and there is an eagerness to meet one another’s needs.

13. Revival brings about a reformation of morals in the lives of Christians and even the communities in which revivals occur. Sin and idolatry are dispensed with. Believers gain a fervency for holy living that has a lasting impact on individuals, as well as entire churches and communities.

Scott graduated from The Master’s Seminary in 2001 with his Master of Divinity degree. He pastored Summit Lake Community Church in southwestern Colorado for 16 years before beginning ministry as the associate pastor at Kerrville Bible Church, Texas in 2019. Scott’s published works include What about Free Will? Reconciling Our Choices with God’s Sovereignty (P&R 2016) and What about Evil? God’s Glory Magnified in a World Ruined by Sin (P&R 2020).